Firm
J. H. Bolles’s photographic gallery
The Charleston gallery of Jesse Henry Bolles, for whom Alma A. Pelot was working when he made the first photographs of Fort Sumter after its surrender, on 15 April 1861. It stood at No. 331 King Street.
Bolles is on the record twice over: as Pelot’s employer in April 1861, and as the man who advertised the resulting views in the Charleston papers later that month.
Where the gallery stood was, until now, one of the open questions in this section. It is open no longer: Frederick Ford's census of Charleston for 1861 — a house-by-house survey of the whole city, taken under the authority of the City Council — lists Jesse H. Bolles as the occupant of No. 331 King Street, on the west side, in Ward 4. The same census gives his house as No. 48 St. Philip Street and his name in full: Jesse Henry Bolles.
A later address is documented too. A stereograph in the Library of Congress — an Osborn & Durbec negative of about 1860, printed and sold long afterward — carries the imprint “Jesse A. Bolles, cor. King & Market Streets”, and the Library dates the printing between 1873 and 1877 from the years Teal gives for that studio.
Note the initial. The Library of Congress and the Metropolitan Museum of Art both write Jesse H. Bolles, and the 1861 census writes Jesse Henry; that 1870s mount reads Jesse A. Bolles. All three forms are recorded here and none is corrected.
Partners and operators
- Jesse H. Bollesproprietor
- Alma A. Pelotoperator · – 1861
Addresses
- Jesse H. Bolles, No. 331 King Street331 King Street
- Jesse Henry Bolles's house, No. 48 St. Philip Street48 St. Philip Street
- Jesse A. Bolles, cor. King & Market Streetscor. King & Market Streets
Works
- Goose Creek church interior — an 1860 negative reissued in the 1870sCharleston, S.C. : Jesse A. Bolles, cor. King & Market Streets, [photographed ca. 1860, printed between 1873 and 1877] · Osborn & Durbec’s Southern Stereoscopic & Photographic DepotAttributedLibrary of Congress · LOT 14110-11, no. 52 [P&P]
- The Evacuation of Fort Sumter, April 1861April 1861 · Alma A. Pelot, Jesse H. BollesAttributedThe Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Fort Sumter, the terreplein of the gorge, 15 April 1861 (MK 3220)April 15, 1861 · Alma A. Pelot, Jesse H. BollesAttributedThe Charleston Museum
- Fort Sumter, three men beside a gun, 15 April 1861 (MK 3636)April 15,1861 · Alma A. Pelot, Jesse H. BollesAttributedThe Charleston Museum
- Terre-plein off the Gorge, Fort SumterApril 15, 1861 · Alma A. PelotAttributedThe Metropolitan Museum of Art
- The Confederate flag over Fort Sumter, 15 April 18611861 April 16. · Alma A. PelotAttributedLibrary of Congress · PH - Pelot, no. 1 (A size) [P&P]
Statement by statement
- VerifiedAlma Pelot was working for Jesse Bolles when he photographed Fort Sumter on 15 April 1861, and Bolles advertised the views in the Charleston press later that month.Civil War Day by Day, UNC-Chapel Hill Library of Congress Zeller, The Blue and Gray in Black and White
- VerifiedA studio at the corner of King and Market streets, imprinted “Jesse A. Bolles”, was operating between 1873 and 1877.Library of Congress Teal, Partners with the Sun
- VerifiedThe gallery stood at No. 331 King Street, west side, Ward 4, in 1861.Ford, Census of the City of Charleston, 1861
- VerifiedBolles's full name was Jesse Henry Bolles, and he lived at No. 48 St. Philip Street.Ford, Census of the City of Charleston, 1861
Sources
- Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/
- Department of Photographs, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection
- Photograph Collection, The Charleston Museum, Charleston, South Carolina. https://www.charlestonmuseum.org/research/
- “17 April 1861: Two stereo views of Fort Sumter,” Civil War Day by Day, Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 17 April 2011, with a correction posted in the comments by Bob Zeller. Item: folder 222(b), Miscellaneous Pictures, #4090. https://web.lib.unc.edu/civilwar/index.php/2011/04/17/17-april-1861-two-stereo-views-of-fort-sumter/
- Harvey S. Teal, Partners with the Sun: South Carolina Photographers, 1840–1940 (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001).
- Frederick A. Ford, Census of the City of Charleston, South Carolina, for the Year 1861, Illustrated by Statistical Tables, Prepared under the Authority of the City Council (Charleston, 1861). The street lists give, for every house on every street, the number, the owner and the occupant. https://archive.org/details/censusofcityofch00char