Confederate Veteran

The First Submarine Boat

Volume 16, November 1908, page 563

Ford answers the account printed in the February number, insisting that the boat which sank the Housatonic was the Hunley and not a David, and gives the history of her three sinkings as he saw and heard it.

Signed “By Arthur P. Ford, Aiken, S. C.,” quoting his own Life in the Confederate Army.

Cite as

Arthur P. Ford, “The First Submarine Boat,” Confederate Veteran 16, no. 11 (November 1908)*: 563.

Published
November 1908issue inferred
Volume
16, no. 11
Pages
563
Author
Arthur P. Ford

THE FIRST SUBMARINE BOAT. BY ARTHUR P. FORD, AIKEN, S. C.

In the February number of the Veteran appeared an article by Charles Moran, describing the first submarine boat to engage in actual warfare, which is so inaccurate that I feel impelled to give the facts. In my book, "Life in the Confederate Army," published by the Neale Publishing Company, there is an account of this boat, and I extract what relates to it as follows:

"It was about this time, 1863 (not 1864), that I saw that celebrated torpedo submarine boat, the Hundley (not the David), the first submarine boat ever built. As I was standing on the bank of the Stone River (near Charleston) I saw the boat passing along the river, where her builder, H. L. Hundley, had brought her for practice. I watched her as she disappeared around a bend in the river, and little thought of the fearful tragedy that was immediately to ensue. She made an experimental dive, stuck her nose in the mud, and drowned her entire crew. Her career was such an eventful one that I record what I recollect of it.

"She was built in Mobile by W. L. Hundley and brought to Charleston in 1863. She was of iron, about twenty feet long, four feet wide, and five feet deep—in fact, not far from round, as I have seen it stated—and equipped with two fins, by which she could be raised or lowered in the water. The intention of her builder was that she should dive under an enemy's vessel with a torpedo in tow which would be dragged against the vessel and exploded, while the Hundley, or Fish, as some called her, rose on the other side. She was worked by a hand propeller and equipped with water tanks, which could be filled or emptied at pleasure, and thus regulate her sinking or rising. The first experiment was made with her in Mobile Bay, and she went down all right with her crew of seven men, but did not come up, and every man died, asphyxiated, as no provision had been made for storing a supply of air.

"As soon as raised she was brought to Charleston, and a few days after her acceptance by General Beauregard Lieutenant Payne, of the Confederate navy, volunteered with a crew of six men to man her and attack the Federal fleet off Charleston. While he had her at Fort Johnson, on James Island, and was making preparations for the attack, one night as she was lying at the wharf the swell of a passing steamer filled her, and she went to the bottom, carrying with her and drowning the six men. Lieutenant Payne happened to be near an open manhole at the moment and escaped. Notwithstand-

The scan

What the scanner made of this page, and what it is in the printed original.

  • Ford's own spelling “Hundley” is kept as printed; the boat was the H. L. Hunley.
  • “Stone River” is the Stono River.

Editorial notes

Statements in this article that are wrong, doubtful, or worth setting beside another account. The article’s own text is left as printed.

  1. “an article by Charles Moran”

    The name is Doran. The article Ford is answering is signed “By Charles Doran” on page 71 of the same volume; the scan has been checked. The magazine's correction thus misnames the man it corrects.

  2. “She was built in Mobile by W. L. Hundley”

    Horace Lawson Hunley. Ford gives the initials as H. L. two sentences earlier and W. L. here.

  3. “about twenty feet long, four feet wide, and five feet deep”

    Half her length. The Hunley was close to forty feet long, about four feet in beam and a little over four feet deep — which Ford's other two figures come near.

  4. “The first experiment was made with her in Mobile Bay, and she went down all right with her crew of seven men, but did not come up, and every man died, asphyxiated”

    This did not happen. No crew was lost with the Hunley at Mobile. The boat lost at Mobile was the earlier American Diver, and no one died in her. The Hunley's three fatal sinkings were all at Charleston: five men under Lieut. Payne on 29 August 1863, eight with Hunley himself on 15 October, and eight with Dixon after sinking the Housatonic.

  5. “Lieutenant Payne … volunteered with a crew of six men … drowning the six men”

    Payne's crew numbered nine; five were drowned and Payne and three others got out. The correction is nearer the mark than the article it corrects, but it is not right either — which is the point worth taking from this pair.