Confederate Veteran

Charleston Harbor

Volume 4, July 1896, page 229

A gunner of the Washington Artillery of Charleston recalls the Stevens Iron Battery on Morris Island, the bombardment of Fort Sumter, and the shot fired at the fort by accident during drill.

Signed “C. A. Doolittle, Augusta, Georgia.”

Cite as

C. A. Doolittle, “Charleston Harbor,” Confederate Veteran 4, no. 7 (July 1896)*: 229.

Published
July 1896issue inferred
Volume
4, no. 7
Pages
229
Author
C. A. Doolittle

CHARLESTON HARBOR.

C. A. Doolittle, Augusta, Georgia: According to promise I give you some points connected with Fort Sumter during its occupancy by Major Anderson, and its bombardment by South Carolina troops.

As you are aware, the Ordinance of Secession was passed by South Carolina on December 20, 1860, and Major Anderson, with his small garrison, feeling insecure in Fort Moultrie on account of its land approaches, evacuated it on December 27th, moving his garrison to Fort Sumter, which he held until April 13, 1861, when he surrendered to the South Carolina forces after a furious bombardment of thirty-six hours.

During the bombardment hot shot was used so effectively as to set the quarters on fire, and forced the garrison to the casemates, as the men could not endure the heat and smoke from the burning quarters.

Major Anderson saw at once that it would be foolhardy to attempt to hold out longer and gracefully surrendered after a gallant defense. On the 14th, Major Anderson was allowed to salute his flag, after which he and his garrison were taken outside the bar and turned over to a United States transport lying there.

While the bombardment was attended with very few casualties, it was carried on under great excitement, the Battery in Charleston being crowded with men, women and children, anxiously awaiting the result, and when the white flag was displayed on the ramparts of Fort Sumter the concern was intense, the witnesses, not anticipating the trouble and hardship that came to their lot in after years during the prolonged and terrible bombardment of the city.

It being the first time I was under fire, much interest in it asa child with a new toy, but realized later in the war that that bombardment was child's play.

While the preparations were going on, the command of which I was a member, the famous Washington Artillery of Charleston, was stationed on Morris Island, having in charge the Stevens Iron Battery in which were two 64 Columbian guns.

One morning during our drill there was quite a commotion caused by a ball having been placed in one of the guns and instead of firing a blank cartridge as we supposed, we astonished Major Anderson and a force of men who were working on the outer wall of Sumter, by landing the 64 shot in close proximity to them. One of our officers was at once sent over to Sumter to make an explanation and apology to Major Anderson, which he very gracefully accepted on the condition that it should not occur again. How the ball got into the gun is a mystery up to the present time.

I felt as

The able and beloved Rev. Dr. John Johnson has established in history a record of the achievements of Confederates in defending the Charleston Harbor, and especially Fort Sumter, against the most powerful and persistent siege with ability to blockade, that was ever maintained upon this continent. The Veteran commends his record with sincere pride.

The scan

What the scanner made of this page, and what it is in the printed original.

  • “64 Columbian guns” is “Columbiad”; “I felt as” and “much interest in it asa child” are broken across the column and belong together.

Editorial notes

Statements in this article that are wrong, doubtful, or worth setting beside another account. The article’s own text is left as printed.

  1. “Major Anderson … evacuated it on December 27th, moving his garrison to Fort Sumter”

    A day late. Anderson moved his garrison from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter on the night of 26 December 1860; the move was discovered in Charleston on the 27th, which is probably the date Doolittle remembered.

  2. “a furious bombardment of thirty-six hours”

    Firing opened at 4:30 a.m. on 12 April and Anderson accepted terms early in the afternoon of the 13th — about thirty-four hours. Thirty-six is the round figure of common usage.

  3. “the Stevens Iron Battery in which were two 64 Columbian guns”

    The Iron Battery at Cummings Point is usually described as mounting three 8-inch Columbiads behind its sloping iron shield. Doolittle's “two 64s” does not match the standard returns and should not be relied on.

  4. “the Rev. Dr. John Johnson has established in history a record”

    John Johnson, The Defense of Charleston Harbor (Charleston, 1890) — the engineer officer of Fort Sumter, and still the essential technical account.