{
 "sources": [
  {
   "year": 1854,
   "title": "The Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "imprint": "Charleston: printed by James, Williams & Gitsinger, 1854.",
   "note": "A commercial gazetteer of the Southern states, sold by the page to advertisers. Its Charleston chapter (pp. 323–374) is display advertising: a card gives the firm, its trade, its address and often its partners. Fifty-two pages name Charleston.",
   "file": "The_Southern_Business_Directory_and_Gene.pdf"
  },
  {
   "year": 1858,
   "title": "De Bow's Review",
   "imprint": "New Orleans: J. D. B. De Bow, 1858.",
   "note": "A monthly of Southern commerce and politics. A Charleston business appears where it bought a card in the Review's business directory or is named as a firm's local agent; the same card recurs issue to issue.",
   "file": "De_Bow_s_Review.pdf"
  }
 ],
 "published": "2026-09-01",
 "counts": {
  "attestations": 194,
  "businesses": 179,
  "y1854": 178,
  "y1858": 16,
  "with_address": 163,
  "with_principals": 63,
  "both_years": 8
 },
 "businesses": [
  {
   "slug": "a-moroso",
   "name": "A. Moroso",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "a-p-smith-co",
   "name": "A. P. Smith & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "a-tannlunson",
   "name": "A. Tannlunson",
   "years": [
    1858
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "queen"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "adolph-j-rutjes",
   "name": "Adolph J. Rutjes",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "american-hotel",
   "name": "American Hotel",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "george",
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "andrew-lee",
   "name": "Andrew Lee",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "b-e-pearson",
   "name": "B. E. Pearson",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "bailie-lambert",
   "name": "Bailie & Lambert",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "bancroft-betts-marshall",
   "name": "Bancroft, Betts & Marshall",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "market"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "bank-of-charleston-s-c",
   "name": "Bank of Charleston, S. C.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "bates-mitchell",
   "name": "Bates & Mitchell",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "bee-tylee",
   "name": "Bee & Tylee",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "bickley-glover",
   "name": "Bickley & Glover",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "beaufain"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "browning-leman",
   "name": "Browning & Leman",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "market"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "c-c-pritchard-m-d",
   "name": "C. C. Pritchard, M. D.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "c-f-jackson-co",
   "name": "C. F. Jackson & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": [
    "victoria-hotel"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "c-whittemore",
   "name": "C. Whittemore",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "coming",
    "radcliffe",
    "st philip"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "caldwell-brother",
   "name": "Caldwell & Brother",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "calhoun-cotton-press",
   "name": "Calhoun Cotton Press",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "church"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "charles-clarke-s-soda-water-bottling-establishment",
   "name": "Charles Clarke's Soda Water Bottling Establishment",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "anson",
    "market"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "charleston-georgetown-steam-packets",
   "name": "Charleston & Georgetown Steam Packets",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "commercial"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "charleston-insurance-and-trust-company",
   "name": "Charleston Insurance and Trust Company",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "charleston-steam-sawmill",
   "name": "Charleston Steam Sawmill",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "beaufain",
    "gadsden",
    "wentworth"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "chas-edmondston",
   "name": "Chas. Edmondston",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "clark-hyde-co",
   "name": "Clark, Hyde & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "cohen-s-daguerrean-rooms",
   "name": "Cohen's Daguerrean Rooms",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "liberty"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "combs-co",
   "name": "Combs & Co. — F. T. Pentecost, resident partner",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "commercial-insurance-company",
   "name": "Commercial Insurance Company",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": [
    "heriot-petit"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "courtney-tennent-co",
   "name": "Courtney, Tennent & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "d-j-g-j-levy",
   "name": "D. J. & G. J. Levy — Southern Clothing Emporium",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "daniel-h-silcox",
   "name": "Daniel H. Silcox",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "dawson-blackman",
   "name": "Dawson & Blackman",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "douglas-nisbet",
   "name": "Douglas Nisbet",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "dr-john-anderson",
   "name": "Dr. John Anderson",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "hasel",
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "e-b-stevens",
   "name": "E. B. Stephens",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "e-b-stoddard-co",
   "name": "E. B. Stoddard & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "e-de-treville",
   "name": "E. De Treville",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "e-h-rogers-co",
   "name": "E. H. Rogers & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "adger"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "e-lafitte-co",
   "name": "E. Lafitte & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "e-m-whiting",
   "name": "E. M. Whiting",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "calhoun",
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "edward-jordan",
   "name": "Edward Jordan",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "accommodation"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "edwin-welling",
   "name": "Edwin Welling",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "beaufain",
    "rutledge"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "f-c-blum",
   "name": "F. C. Blum",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "beaufain"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "farmers-and-exchange-bank-of-charleston",
   "name": "Farmers' and Exchange Bank of Charleston",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "fireman-s-insurance-company",
   "name": "Fireman's Insurance Company",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "follin-fourgeaud",
   "name": "Follin & Fourgeaud",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "market",
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "ford-lloyd",
   "name": "Ford & Lloyd",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "francis-c-black",
   "name": "Francis C. Black",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "exchange"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "fullings-anderson-co",
   "name": "Fullings, Anderson & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "g-o-robinson",
   "name": "G. O. Robinson",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": [
    "george-parks-co"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "g-s-cook",
   "name": "G. S. Cook",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "g-stroub",
   "name": "G. Stroub",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "burns"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "g-w-flach",
   "name": "G. W. Flach",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "g-w-jatho",
   "name": "G. W. Jatho",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "gardelle-delaigle",
   "name": "Gardelle & Delaigle",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "accommodation"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "geo-a-oates-bro",
   "name": "Geo. A. Oates & Bro.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "george-a-hyde",
   "name": "George A. Hyde",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "george-parks-co",
   "name": "George Parks & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": [
    "the-southern-baptist",
    "g-o-robinson"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "gindrat-duncan",
   "name": "Gindrat & Duncan",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "glen-s-first-premium-daguerrean-gallery",
   "name": "Glen's First Premium Daguerrean Gallery",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "h-a-due",
   "name": "H. A. Due",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "spring"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "h-f-baker-co",
   "name": "H. F. Baker & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854,
    1858
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "central"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "h-f-strohecker",
   "name": "H. F. Strohecker",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "h-w-kinsman",
   "name": "H. W. Kinsman",
   "years": [
    1854,
    1858
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "hamilton-slawson-jr",
   "name": "Hamilton Slawson, Jr.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "archdale"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "hawley-s-premium-hat-manufactory",
   "name": "Hawley's Premium Hat Manufactory",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "beaufain",
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "hayden-whilden",
   "name": "Hayden & Whilden",
   "years": [
    1858
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "hasel",
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "henry-clark",
   "name": "Henry Clark",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "beaufain"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "henry-h-williams",
   "name": "Henry H. Williams",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "henry-missroon",
   "name": "Henry Missroon",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "henry-shokes",
   "name": "Henry Shokes",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "hasel"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "heriot-petit",
   "name": "Heriot & Petit",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": [
    "commercial-insurance-company"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "hickey-thompson",
   "name": "Hickey & Thompson",
   "years": [
    1858
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": [
    "orcutt-hickey",
    "orcutt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "holmes-stoney",
   "name": "Holmes & Stoney",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "central"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "i-l-falk-co",
   "name": "I. L. Falk & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "j-a-barbosa",
   "name": "J. A. Barbosa",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "church"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "j-e-suares",
   "name": "J. E. Suares",
   "years": [
    1854,
    1858
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "j-m-eason-bro",
   "name": "J. M. Eason & Brother",
   "years": [
    1854,
    1858
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "columbus",
    "nassau"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "j-u-boesch",
   "name": "J. U. Boesch",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "anson",
    "market"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "j-v-powell",
   "name": "J. V. Powell",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "franklin"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "j-w-hendrick-co",
   "name": "J. W. Hendrick & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "market"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "j-w-sprague",
   "name": "J. W. Sprague",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "james-gadsden-co",
   "name": "James Gadsden & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854,
    1858
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "james-williams-gitsinger",
   "name": "James, Williams & Gitsinger",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "jas-e-spear",
   "name": "James E. Spear",
   "years": [
    1854,
    1858
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "hasel",
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "jno-s-bird-co",
   "name": "Jno. S. Bird & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854,
    1858
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "john-artman",
   "name": "John Artman",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "archdale"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "john-fraser-co",
   "name": "John Fraser & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "central"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "john-grey-sons",
   "name": "John Grey & Sons",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "john-harvey",
   "name": "John Harvey",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "john-horlbeck",
   "name": "John Horlbeck",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "calhoun"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "john-marion",
   "name": "John Marion",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "hasel",
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "john-w-caldwell",
   "name": "John W. Caldwell",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "johnson-s-hotel-sign-of-the-bull-s-head",
   "name": "Johnson's Hotel, Sign of the Bull's Head",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "morris",
    "radcliffe"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "joseph-whilden",
   "name": "Joseph Whilden",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "kelly-brady",
   "name": "Kelly & Brady",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "market"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "ketchum-taylor-co",
   "name": "Ketchum, Taylor & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "king-st-boarding-house",
   "name": "King-St. Boarding House",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "klinck-wickenberg",
   "name": "Klinck & Wickenberg",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad",
    "church"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "lambert",
   "name": "Lambert — 219 King Street",
   "years": [
    1858
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "legare-colcock",
   "name": "Legare & Colcock",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "commercial"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "leonard-chapin",
   "name": "Leonard Chapin",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting",
    "wentworth"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "levy-s-southern-clothing-emporium",
   "name": "Levy's Southern Clothing Emporium",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "lockwood-johnston",
   "name": "Lockwood & Johnston",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "louis-d-desaussure",
   "name": "Louis D. DeSaussure",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "m-creery-hooke",
   "name": "M'Creery & Hooke",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "m-d-hyams-sons",
   "name": "M. D. Hyams & Sons",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "m-p-starr",
   "name": "M. P. Starr",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": [
    "victoria-hotel"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "mansion-house",
   "name": "Mansion House",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "matthiessen-o-hara",
   "name": "Matthiessen & O'Hara",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "queen"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "millar-s-biscuit-bakery",
   "name": "Millar's Biscuit Bakery",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "market",
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "mills-house",
   "name": "Mills House",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting",
    "queen"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "mordecai-co",
   "name": "Mordecai & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 3,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "mrs-a-king-agent",
   "name": "Mrs. A. King (Agent)",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "society",
    "wentworth"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "n-b-prothro-co",
   "name": "N. B. Prothro & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "calhoun"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "n-m-porter",
   "name": "N. M. Porter",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "market"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "o-f-folker",
   "name": "O. F. Folker",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "line"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "o-hear-roper-stoney",
   "name": "O'Hear, Roper & Stoney",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "commercial"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "orcutt",
   "name": "Orcutt",
   "years": [
    1858
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": [
    "orcutt-hickey",
    "hickey-thompson"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "orcutt-hickey",
   "name": "Orcutt & Hickey",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": [
    "orcutt",
    "hickey-thompson"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "p-h-schuckmann",
   "name": "P. H. Schuckmann",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "market"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "p-m-cohen-co",
   "name": "P. M. Cohen & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "people-s-bank-of-s-c",
   "name": "People's Bank of S. C.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "pierson-jennings-co",
   "name": "Pierson, Jennings & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "planters-and-mechanics-bank-of-s-carolina",
   "name": "Planters' and Mechanics' Bank of S. Carolina",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "planters-hotel",
   "name": "Planters' Hotel",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "church",
    "queen"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "r-a-pringle",
   "name": "R. A. Pringle",
   "years": [
    1858
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "new"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "ravenel-co",
   "name": "Ravenel & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "ravenel-huger",
   "name": "Ravenel & Huger",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "robert-lebby-m-d",
   "name": "Robert Lebby, M. D.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "cumberland"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "robert-minniss",
   "name": "Robert Minniss",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "church",
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "s-c-r-r-co",
   "name": "S. C. R. R. Co.",
   "years": [
    1858
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "s-l-mowry",
   "name": "S. & L. Mowry",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "s-western-r-r-bank",
   "name": "S. Western R. R. Bank",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": [
    "south-western-railroad-bank-of-charleston"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "scruggs-drake-co",
   "name": "Scruggs, Drake & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "adger",
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "shepherd-m-creery-co",
   "name": "Shepherd, M'Creery & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "south-western-railroad-bank-of-charleston",
   "name": "South Western Railroad Bank of Charleston",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": [
    "s-western-r-r-bank"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "southern-christian-advocate",
   "name": "Southern Christian Advocate",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "southern-house",
   "name": "Southern House",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "southern-presbyterian",
   "name": "Southern Presbyterian",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "st-mark-s-hair-cutting-and-bathing-saloon",
   "name": "St. Mark's Hair Cutting and Bathing Saloon",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "state-bank",
   "name": "State Bank",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad",
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "stenhouse-allen-co",
   "name": "Stenhouse, Allen & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "church",
    "hayne"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "t-m-bristoll",
   "name": "T. M. Bristoll",
   "years": [
    1854,
    1858
   ],
   "n": 2,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "t-r-aldrich-m-d",
   "name": "T. R. Aldrich, M. D.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "ann",
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "t-tupper-son",
   "name": "T. Tupper & Son",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "browns wharf"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "the-southern-baptist",
   "name": "The Southern Baptist",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": [
    "george-parks-co"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "thiermann-pringle",
   "name": "Thiermann & Pringle",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "thomas-m-hume",
   "name": "Thomas M. Hume",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "thos-c-oxlade",
   "name": "Thos. C. Oxlade",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "thos-h-dewees",
   "name": "Thos. H. Dewees",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "titus-l-bissell",
   "name": "Titus L. Bissell",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "victoria-hotel",
   "name": "Victoria Hotel",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": [
    "m-p-starr",
    "c-f-jackson-co"
   ]
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-b-smith-co",
   "name": "W. B. Smith & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-c-oakley",
   "name": "W. C. Oakley",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-ingliss-co",
   "name": "W. Ingliss & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-m-j-c-martin",
   "name": "W. M. & J. C. Martin",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-masterman",
   "name": "W. Masterman",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-p-shingler-bro",
   "name": "W. P. Shingler & Bro.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-r-harden-co",
   "name": "W. R. Harden & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "cannon",
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-s-adams",
   "name": "W. S. Adams",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad",
    "state"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-s-henery-co",
   "name": "W. S. Henery & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "line",
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "w-t-white-s-marble-yard",
   "name": "W. T. White's Marble Yard",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "walker-wilkie",
   "name": "Walker & Wilkie",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "welch-harris",
   "name": "Welch & Harris",
   "years": [
    1858
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "whaley-rutledge",
   "name": "Whaley & Rutledge",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "william-barragan",
   "name": "William Barragan",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "church"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "william-bradford",
   "name": "William Bradford",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "laurens"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "william-brookbanks",
   "name": "William Brookbanks",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "william-curtis",
   "name": "William Curtis",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "queen",
    "south"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "william-h-webb",
   "name": "William H. Webb",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "william-rhett",
   "name": "William Rhett",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "witte-goodwin",
   "name": "Witte & Goodwin",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "wm-h-swinton",
   "name": "Wm. H. Swinton",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "montague"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "wm-m-lawton-co",
   "name": "Wm. M. Lawton & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "southern"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "wm-n-and-j-a-pelot-s-commercial-school",
   "name": "Wm. N. and J. A. Pelot's Commercial School",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "king",
    "society"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "wm-s-lawton-co",
   "name": "Wm. S. Lawton & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "wyatt-co",
   "name": "Wyatt & Co.",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [],
   "see_also": []
  },
  {
   "slug": "zadock-miller-son",
   "name": "Zadock Miller & Son",
   "years": [
    1854
   ],
   "n": 1,
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "see_also": []
  }
 ],
 "attestations": [
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 334,
   "printed": 330,
   "firm": "Henry Missroon",
   "trade": "Agent, mail passenger steamers James Adger and Nashville, Charleston–New-York",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "editorial notice; his own card p.332",
   "kind": "editorial",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-001",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "henry-missroon"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 334,
   "printed": 330,
   "firm": "E. Lafitte & Co.",
   "trade": "Agents, Savannah and Charleston Mail and Passenger Steamers",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "editorial notice; card p.335",
   "kind": "editorial",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-002",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "e-lafitte-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 334,
   "printed": 330,
   "firm": "Mordecai & Co.",
   "trade": "Agents, steam ship Isabel, Charleston to Havana",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "Wm. Rollins, Commander"
   ],
   "notes": "editorial notice; card p.334 and p.337",
   "kind": "editorial",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-003",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "mordecai-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 334,
   "printed": 330,
   "firm": "E. B. Stevens",
   "trade": "Agent, Great Mail Route by Rail Road, Charleston to New-York",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "editorial notice; spelt Stephens on p.335",
   "kind": "editorial",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-004",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "e-b-stevens"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 334,
   "printed": 330,
   "firm": "Scruggs, Drake & Co.",
   "trade": "Commission Merchants",
   "address": "Atlantic wharf",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "editorial: 'well established and favorably known in Alabama, Tennessee and the interior'",
   "kind": "editorial",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-005",
   "streets": [
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "business": "scruggs-drake-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 334,
   "printed": 330,
   "firm": "W. T. White's Marble Yard",
   "trade": "Marble yard — Italian marble, monuments, tombstones",
   "address": "119 Meeting-street",
   "principals": [
    "W. T. White"
   ],
   "notes": "editorial notice",
   "kind": "editorial",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-006",
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "w-t-white-s-marble-yard"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 334,
   "printed": 330,
   "firm": "Levy's Southern Clothing Emporium",
   "trade": "Ready made clothing",
   "address": "288 King-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "editorial: manufactured at their establishment, 75 William-street, New-York",
   "kind": "editorial",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-007",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "levy-s-southern-clothing-emporium"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 334,
   "printed": 330,
   "firm": "Walker & Wilkie",
   "trade": "Paper Commission Warehouse, Type and Printing Press Agency",
   "address": "82 East Bay",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "editorial: connected with the South Carolina Paper Manufactory; agents for several other mills",
   "kind": "editorial",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-008",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "walker-wilkie"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 334,
   "printed": 330,
   "firm": "M'Creery & Hooke",
   "trade": "Cotton Factors, Commission and Forwarding Merchants",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "F. M'Creery, Charleston",
    "R. M. Hooke, Chattanooga, Tenn."
   ],
   "notes": "card at foot of p.330",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-009",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "m-creery-hooke"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 336,
   "printed": 332,
   "firm": "Wyatt & Co.",
   "trade": "Factors, Commission Merchants and Forwarding Agents",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "Silas Wyatt",
    "James Stogner",
    "Felix Wyatt"
   ],
   "notes": "sister house F. Wyatt & Co., Savannah, Geo.",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-010",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "wyatt-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 336,
   "printed": 332,
   "firm": "Henry Missroon",
   "trade": "Commission Merchant; Agent New York and Charleston Steam Ship Line; agent Merchants' schr. Line to New York",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "steamers leave every Wednesday and Saturday; cabin passage twenty dollars",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-011",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "henry-missroon"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 336,
   "printed": 332,
   "firm": "Charleston & Georgetown Steam Packets",
   "trade": "Steam packet line",
   "address": "Office North Commercial wharf",
   "principals": [
    "Capt. S. Adkins, steamer Nina",
    "Capt. J. K. Richardson, steamer Genl. Clinch"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-012",
   "streets": [
    "commercial"
   ],
   "business": "charleston-georgetown-steam-packets"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 338,
   "printed": 334,
   "firm": "John W. Caldwell",
   "trade": "General Commission Merchant and Ship Broker",
   "address": "No. 33 East Bay",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "agency of steam ship Tennessee (Baltimore), steamers Carolina and Florida (Florida), New York and Boston Commercial Lines of sailing packets",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-013",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "john-w-caldwell"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 338,
   "printed": 334,
   "firm": "Mordecai & Co.",
   "trade": "Agents, U. S. Mail steam ship Isabel, Charleston–Havana via Key West",
   "address": "110 East Bay",
   "principals": [
    "Wm. Rollins, Commander"
   ],
   "notes": "leaves 4th and 19th; connects at Havana with U. S. Mail Steam Ship Company's line for San Francisco via Aspinwall",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-014",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "mordecai-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 339,
   "printed": 335,
   "firm": "E. Lafitte & Co.",
   "trade": "Agents, Savannah & Charleston Tri-Weekly U. S. Mail Line",
   "address": "Savannah Steam Packet wharf",
   "principals": [
    "Capt. A. C. King, steam packet Calhoun"
   ],
   "notes": "Mon/Wed/Fri 4 o'clock; freight forwarded at Savannah free of charge",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-015",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "e-lafitte-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 339,
   "printed": 335,
   "firm": "O. F. Folker",
   "trade": "Agent of the South Carolina Railroad Company",
   "address": "Line-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "through tickets, Great Mail Route; OCR reads 'Folk er'",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-016",
   "streets": [
    "line"
   ],
   "business": "o-f-folker"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 339,
   "printed": 335,
   "firm": "E. B. Stephens",
   "trade": "Agent, Great Mail Route from Charleston to New York",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "spelt Stevens on p.330",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-017",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "e-b-stevens"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 340,
   "printed": 336,
   "firm": "Holmes & Stoney",
   "trade": "Commission Merchants",
   "address": "Central Wharf",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "liberal advancements on all consignments of produce",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-018",
   "streets": [
    "central"
   ],
   "business": "holmes-stoney"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 340,
   "printed": 336,
   "firm": "Thomas M. Hume",
   "trade": "Broker, Auctioneer and Commission Agent",
   "address": "No. 28 Broad st.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-019",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "thomas-m-hume"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 340,
   "printed": 336,
   "firm": "Bee & Tylee",
   "trade": "Ship Chandlers, and Wire Cloth Manufacturers",
   "address": "No. 123 East Bay",
   "principals": [
    "J. Rivers Bee",
    "N. Tylee, Sr."
   ],
   "notes": "formerly occupied by S. Jones & Co.; Freeman's Copper and Yellow Metal, anchors, chains, paints, oils, varnish, pitch, tar, sheathing copper",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-020",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "bee-tylee"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 340,
   "printed": 336,
   "firm": "Legare & Colcock",
   "trade": "Factors and Commission Merchants",
   "address": "North Commercial Wharf",
   "principals": [
    "James Legare",
    "John Colcock"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-021",
   "streets": [
    "commercial"
   ],
   "business": "legare-colcock"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 340,
   "printed": 336,
   "firm": "O'Hear, Roper & Stoney",
   "trade": "Factors and Commission Merchants",
   "address": "North Commercial Wharf",
   "principals": [
    "James O'Hear",
    "Richard Roper",
    "Theodore Stoney"
   ],
   "notes": "OCR ran the name into 'FACTORSROPER & STONEY'",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-022",
   "streets": [
    "commercial"
   ],
   "business": "o-hear-roper-stoney"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 340,
   "printed": 336,
   "firm": "Heriot & Petit",
   "trade": "Notaries, Average Adjusters, and Forwarding Agents",
   "address": "No. 36 East Bay",
   "principals": [
    "Wm. B. Heriot",
    "Edmund W. Petit"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-023",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "heriot-petit"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 340,
   "printed": 336,
   "firm": "Wm. H. Swinton",
   "trade": "Lumber and Timber Factor, and Commission Merchant",
   "address": "West End of Montague street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-024",
   "streets": [
    "montague"
   ],
   "business": "wm-h-swinton"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 341,
   "printed": 337,
   "firm": "Louis D. DeSaussure",
   "trade": "Broker, Auctioneer and Commission Agent",
   "address": "No. 23 Broad Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "attends to the selling and purchasing of Houses, Lands, Negroes, Stocks, &c. — as printed",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-025",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "louis-d-desaussure"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 341,
   "printed": 337,
   "firm": "Mordecai & Co.",
   "trade": "Auction and Commission Merchants",
   "address": "110 East Bay",
   "principals": [
    "M. C. Mordecai",
    "I. E. Hertz",
    "J. A. Enslow",
    "I. R. Mordecai"
   ],
   "notes": "merchandise of every description sold on commission",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-026",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "mordecai-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 341,
   "printed": 337,
   "firm": "Ford & Lloyd",
   "trade": "Brokers, Auctioneers and General Commission Agents",
   "address": "No. 7 Broad st.",
   "principals": [
    "J. Drayton Ford",
    "W. G. Lloyd"
   ],
   "notes": "purchasing and selling of Lands and Negroes, Stocks, Real and Personal Property; uncurrent money bought and sold — as printed",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-027",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "ford-lloyd"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 341,
   "printed": 337,
   "firm": "James Gadsden & Co.",
   "trade": "Sea Island and Upland Cotton Factors; also General Commission Merchants",
   "address": "No. 62 East Bay, opposite the Planters' & Mechanics' Bank",
   "principals": [
    "Col. James Gadsden",
    "James F. Edwards",
    "Richard E. Screven"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-028",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "james-gadsden-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 341,
   "printed": 337,
   "firm": "John Fraser & Co.",
   "trade": "Factors and Commission Merchants",
   "address": "Central Wharves",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-029",
   "streets": [
    "central"
   ],
   "business": "john-fraser-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 341,
   "printed": 337,
   "firm": "Wm. M. Lawton & Co.",
   "trade": "Factors and Commission Merchants",
   "address": "No. 13 Southern Wharf",
   "principals": [
    "Wm. M. Lawton",
    "R. Wainwright Bacot",
    "Wm. M. Taylor",
    "Joseph T. Dill",
    "Winborn Lawton, jr."
   ],
   "notes": "OCR gives 'BАСОТ' with Cyrillic letters and 'WINBORNLAWTON'",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-030",
   "streets": [
    "southern"
   ],
   "business": "wm-m-lawton-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 341,
   "printed": 337,
   "firm": "Douglas Nisbet",
   "trade": "Factor, Commission Merchant & Steamboat Agent",
   "address": "Atlantic Wharf",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "references: James K. Douglas, Camden; Paul & Brown, J. & J. D. Kirkpatrick, Robert Mure, Charleston; A. Macfarlan, Cheraw; John Stacy, Wadesborough; S. Cochran & Co., Thos. McClune & Co., New York",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-031",
   "streets": [
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "business": "douglas-nisbet"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 341,
   "printed": 337,
   "firm": "H. F. Baker & Co.",
   "trade": "Shipping and Commission Merchants; Agents for Baltimore and Philadelphia Packets",
   "address": "Central Wharf",
   "principals": [
    "H. F. Baker",
    "E. F. Sweegan"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-032",
   "streets": [
    "central"
   ],
   "business": "h-f-baker-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 341,
   "printed": 337,
   "firm": "Chas. Edmondston",
   "trade": "Commission Merchant",
   "address": "Atlantic Wharf",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-033",
   "streets": [
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "business": "chas-edmondston"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "S. & L. Mowry",
   "trade": "Factors and Commission Merchants",
   "address": "74 East Bay",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-034",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "s-l-mowry"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "Scruggs, Drake & Co.",
   "trade": "Factors and Commission Merchants",
   "address": "Adger's Wharf",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "liberal advances on shipments; editorial notice p.330 gives Atlantic wharf",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-035",
   "streets": [
    "adger"
   ],
   "business": "scruggs-drake-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "Bickley & Glover",
   "trade": "Lumber Factors and Commission Merchants",
   "address": "Beaufain Street",
   "principals": [
    "J. Bickley",
    "S. L. Glover"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-036",
   "streets": [
    "beaufain"
   ],
   "business": "bickley-glover"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "Ravenel & Co.",
   "trade": "Commission Merchants",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-037",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "ravenel-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "T. Tupper & Son",
   "trade": "Sugar Factors, Commission Merchants, & Importers of Tin and Roofing Plate",
   "address": "Brown's Wharf",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-038",
   "streets": [
    "browns wharf"
   ],
   "business": "t-tupper-son"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "William H. Webb",
   "trade": "Shipping and Commission Merchant",
   "address": "No. 1 South Atlantic Wharf",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-039",
   "streets": [
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "business": "william-h-webb"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "Thiermann & Pringle",
   "trade": "Commission Merchants",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-040",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "thiermann-pringle"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "W. B. Smith & Co.",
   "trade": "Commission Merchants",
   "address": "60 East Bay",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-041",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "w-b-smith-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "E. H. Rogers & Co.",
   "trade": "Factors and Commis. Merchants",
   "address": "Adger's Wharf",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-042",
   "streets": [
    "adger"
   ],
   "business": "e-h-rogers-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "Wm. S. Lawton & Co.",
   "trade": "Factors, Forwarding and Commis. Merchants",
   "address": "Atlantic Wharf, rear of Post Office",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-043",
   "streets": [
    "atlantic"
   ],
   "business": "wm-s-lawton-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 342,
   "printed": 338,
   "firm": "Clark, Hyde & Co.",
   "trade": "Direct Importers of Hardware, Cutlery, Guns, &c.",
   "address": "No. 139 Meeting Street, nearly opposite Charleston Hotel",
   "principals": [
    "Robert A. Clark",
    "Simeon Hyde",
    "Andrew T. Anderson"
   ],
   "notes": "successors to Roosevelt, Hyde & Clark",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-044",
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "clark-hyde-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 343,
   "printed": 339,
   "firm": "Titus L. Bissell",
   "trade": "Importer and Dealer in English, German and American Hardware, Cutlery, Guns, Rifles, Hoes, mechanics' tools; Hazard's Powder; sole agent for J. B. Wickersham's Patent Iron Farm Fence",
   "address": "155 Meeting Street, opposite Charleston Hotel",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "'Titus L. Bissell, Agent'",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-045",
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "titus-l-bissell"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 343,
   "printed": 339,
   "firm": "Stenhouse, Allen & Co.",
   "trade": "Receiving, Forwarding and Commission Merchants",
   "address": "cor. Hayne and Church Streets",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-046",
   "streets": [
    "church",
    "hayne"
   ],
   "business": "stenhouse-allen-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 344,
   "printed": 340,
   "firm": "H. F. Strohecker",
   "trade": "Importer of English and American Hardware, Cutlery, Guns, &c.",
   "address": "No. 151 Meeting Street, opposite Charleston Hotel",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-047",
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "h-f-strohecker"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 344,
   "printed": 340,
   "firm": "Courtney, Tennent & Co.",
   "trade": "Direct Importers of Hardware, Cutlery, Guns, Pistols, &c.",
   "address": "No. 35 Hayne Street",
   "principals": [
    "William C. Courtney",
    "Gilbert B. Tennent",
    "James B. Evans"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-048",
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "business": "courtney-tennent-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 344,
   "printed": 340,
   "firm": "W. R. Harden & Co.",
   "trade": "Manufacturers of Iron Railing, Fire Proof Shutters, &c.",
   "address": "King, opposite Cannon Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-049",
   "streets": [
    "cannon",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "w-r-harden-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 344,
   "printed": 340,
   "firm": "Joseph Whilden",
   "trade": "Dealer in Paints, Oils and Glass; window glass and sashes, turpentine, camphene, cotton foot gin fixtures",
   "address": "Hayne Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-050",
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "business": "joseph-whilden"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 344,
   "printed": 340,
   "firm": "Orcutt & Hickey",
   "trade": "Manufacturers of Looking Glass, Portrait and Picture Frames, and Dealers in Looking Glass Plates",
   "address": "154 King Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "by 1858 (De Bow's) Hickey & Thompson hold 154 King and Orcutt is alone at 186 King",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-051",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "orcutt-hickey"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 345,
   "printed": 341,
   "firm": "William Curtis",
   "trade": "Importer, Manufacturer and Dealer in Burning Fluid or Spirit Gas, camphene, sperm, solar and whale oils, paints, window glass; house, ship, sign and ornamental painting",
   "address": "No. 137 East Bay, Fourth Store South of Queen Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-052",
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "queen",
    "south"
   ],
   "business": "william-curtis"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 345,
   "printed": 341,
   "firm": "Edwin Welling",
   "trade": "Manufacturer of Sashes, Blinds, Doors, mouldings; shop work",
   "address": "Corner Beaufain and Rutledge Streets",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag on the card",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-053",
   "streets": [
    "rutledge",
    "beaufain"
   ],
   "business": "edwin-welling"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 345,
   "printed": 341,
   "firm": "Pierson, Jennings & Co.",
   "trade": "Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in Clothing",
   "address": "No. 26 Hayne-street",
   "principals": [
    "John S. Pierson",
    "Abm. G. Jennings",
    "Edward Pierson"
   ],
   "notes": "New-York house No. 194 Broadway (p.507)",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-054",
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "business": "pierson-jennings-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 346,
   "printed": 342,
   "firm": "Matthiessen & O'Hara",
   "trade": "Wholesale Clothing Warehouse",
   "address": "143 East Bay, corner of Queen-street",
   "principals": [
    "William Matthiessen",
    "W. P. O'Hara"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-055",
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "queen"
   ],
   "business": "matthiessen-o-hara"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 346,
   "printed": 342,
   "firm": "D. J. & G. J. Levy — Southern Clothing Emporium",
   "trade": "Manufacturers of Gentlemens', Youths and Boys' Clothing, wholesale and retail",
   "address": "288 King-street, opposite Merchants' Hotel",
   "principals": [
    "D. J. Levy",
    "G. J. Levy"
   ],
   "notes": "manufactory 75 William-street, New-York; OCR gives 'D. J. dc G. J. LEVY'",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-056",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "d-j-g-j-levy"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 346,
   "printed": 342,
   "firm": "Fullings, Anderson & Co.",
   "trade": "Wholesale Dealers in Ready Made Clothing and Mens' Furnishing Goods",
   "address": "16 Hayne-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-057",
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "business": "fullings-anderson-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 347,
   "printed": 343,
   "firm": "George A. Hyde",
   "trade": "Fashionable Clothing Establishment, wholesale and retail",
   "address": "No. 279 King-street, opposite Merchants' Hotel",
   "principals": [
    "Geo. A. Hyde",
    "O. E. Johnson, superintendent",
    "A. S. Johnson, superintendent",
    "W. C. Nelson, superintendent",
    "Thos. Knox, superintendent"
   ],
   "notes": "manufactory 106 Fulton-st., New-York",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-058",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "george-a-hyde"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 347,
   "printed": 343,
   "firm": "Bates & Mitchell",
   "trade": "Wholesale Clothing",
   "address": "118 Meeting-street, near Charleston Hotel",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "manufactory 129 William-st., Washington Buildings, New-York",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-059",
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "bates-mitchell"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 348,
   "printed": 344,
   "firm": "I. L. Falk & Co.",
   "trade": "Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in Ready Made Clothing and Gent's Furnishing Goods",
   "address": "265 King-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "and 146 William-street, New-York",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-060",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "i-l-falk-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 348,
   "printed": 344,
   "firm": "C. F. Jackson & Co.",
   "trade": "Clothing Store, wholesale and retail",
   "address": "No. 199 King-street, next door to Victoria Hotel",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "successors to G. Little & Co.",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-061",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "c-f-jackson-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 348,
   "printed": 344,
   "firm": "Gardelle & Delaigle",
   "trade": "Commission Merchants, and Forwarding and Shipping Agents",
   "address": "Accommodation Wharf",
   "principals": [
    "A. Gardelle",
    "Louis Delaigle"
   ],
   "notes": "references G. B. Lamar, New-York; John Fraser & Co., Charleston; Jno. P. King, Augusta",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-062",
   "streets": [
    "accommodation"
   ],
   "business": "gardelle-delaigle"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 350,
   "printed": 346,
   "firm": "Mills House",
   "trade": "Hotel",
   "address": "southwest corner of Meeting and Queen streets",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "full-page description; eighty feet on Meeting, three hundred on Queen; dining saloon seats three hundred",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-063",
   "streets": [
    "meeting",
    "queen"
   ],
   "business": "mills-house"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 352,
   "printed": 348,
   "firm": "Victoria Hotel",
   "trade": "Hotel",
   "address": "No. 197 King-street",
   "principals": [
    "B. Roddin, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "M. P. Starr was 'late proprietor of the Victoria Hotel' by 1854 (p.290); George Little & Co. clothing at 199 next door",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-064",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "victoria-hotel"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 353,
   "printed": 349,
   "firm": "American Hotel",
   "trade": "Hotel — seventy-five rooms",
   "address": "King-street, corner of George",
   "principals": [
    "Mrs. A. J. Kennedy, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "editor: 'having enjoyed the hospitalities of the above house'",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-065",
   "streets": [
    "george",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "american-hotel"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 353,
   "printed": 349,
   "firm": "Mansion House",
   "trade": "Hotel",
   "address": "Broad-street, opposite the Park",
   "principals": [
    "Mrs. Jane Davis, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "no city tag on the card",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-066",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "mansion-house"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 355,
   "printed": 351,
   "firm": "Johnson's Hotel, Sign of the Bull's Head",
   "trade": "Hotel; stables and lots for drovers' stock",
   "address": "King-street, between Morris and Radcliffe-streets",
   "principals": [
    "P. W. Seyle, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "a hack always at the railroad; no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-067",
   "streets": [
    "radcliffe",
    "morris",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "johnson-s-hotel-sign-of-the-bull-s-head"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 355,
   "printed": 351,
   "firm": "Southern House",
   "trade": "Hotel — forty-eight rooms",
   "address": "No. 260 King-street",
   "principals": [
    "Mrs. F. Day, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-068",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "southern-house"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 356,
   "printed": 352,
   "firm": "King-St. Boarding House",
   "trade": "Boarding house — twenty rooms",
   "address": "No. 190 King-street",
   "principals": [
    "Mrs. E. F. Evans, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-069",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "king-st-boarding-house"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 356,
   "printed": 352,
   "firm": "Planters' Hotel",
   "trade": "Hotel",
   "address": "Corner Church and Queen-streets",
   "principals": [
    "J. W. Bomar, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-070",
   "streets": [
    "church",
    "queen"
   ],
   "business": "planters-hotel"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 356,
   "printed": 352,
   "firm": "Hawley's Premium Hat Manufactory",
   "trade": "Hats made to order; caps, umbrellas, canes",
   "address": "240 King-street, in the Bend, opposite Beaufain-st.",
   "principals": [
    "R. Hawley"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-071",
   "streets": [
    "beaufain",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "hawley-s-premium-hat-manufactory"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 358,
   "printed": 354,
   "firm": "G. O. Robinson",
   "trade": "Music arranger — compiled The Casket, sacred melodies, in press for 15 January 1855",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "assisted by I. B. Woodbury, New-York",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-072",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "g-o-robinson"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 359,
   "printed": 355,
   "firm": "George Parks & Co.",
   "trade": "Book Sellers",
   "address": "229 King-st.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "publishers of The Casket; business agents of The Southern Baptist (p.374)",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-073",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "george-parks-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 359,
   "printed": 355,
   "firm": "Bailie & Lambert",
   "trade": "Importers of and Dealers in Carpetings, Oil Cloth, Mattings, Linens, and Window Curtains",
   "address": "219 King-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag; a Lambert firm is at 219 King in De Bow's 1858",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-074",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "bailie-lambert"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 359,
   "printed": 355,
   "firm": "Ketchum, Taylor & Co.",
   "trade": "Importers and Dealers in Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, wholesale and retail",
   "address": "No. 243 King-street",
   "principals": [
    "Joel Ketchum",
    "Thos. B. Taylor",
    "Chas. D. Haynsworth"
   ],
   "notes": "'one price principle, and for cash'",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-075",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "ketchum-taylor-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 359,
   "printed": 355,
   "firm": "Kelly & Brady",
   "trade": "Dealer in Staple and Fancy Dry Goods",
   "address": "218 King, corner of Market-st.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-076",
   "streets": [
    "market",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "kelly-brady"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 361,
   "printed": 357,
   "firm": "Browning & Leman",
   "trade": "Dry goods, carpetings, curtain stuffs, plantation woollens; upholstery for hotels, steamboats, churches",
   "address": "203 and 211 King, corner of Market Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "'One Price'; cash or city acceptances",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-077",
   "streets": [
    "market",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "browning-leman"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 361,
   "printed": 357,
   "firm": "Bancroft, Betts & Marshall",
   "trade": "Importers and Jobbers of Fancy and Staple Dry Goods, Carpetings, Plantation Woollens, Blankets, Hosiery",
   "address": "Corner King and Market-streets",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-078",
   "streets": [
    "market",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "bancroft-betts-marshall"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 361,
   "printed": 357,
   "firm": "P. H. Schuckmann",
   "trade": "Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Berlin Zephyr Worsted, embroideries, fancy goods, laces, dress-trimmings",
   "address": "14 King-street, second door below Market-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "OCR '-14'",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-079",
   "streets": [
    "market",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "p-h-schuckmann"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 362,
   "printed": 358,
   "firm": "Shepherd, M'Creery & Co.",
   "trade": "Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in Staple and Fancy Dry Goods",
   "address": "135 Meeting-street",
   "principals": [
    "Jos. H. Shepherd",
    "T. A. M'Creery",
    "Robt. M'Creery"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-080",
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "shepherd-m-creery-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 362,
   "printed": 358,
   "firm": "Ravenel & Huger",
   "trade": "Importers of Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods",
   "address": "Nos. 12 and 14 East Bay",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-081",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "ravenel-huger"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 362,
   "printed": 358,
   "firm": "H. W. Kinsman",
   "trade": "Importer, wholesale and retail dealer in curtain goods, window shades, paper hangings & upholstery",
   "address": "No. 179 King St.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "card printed vertically and OCR'd as fragments; at 223 King st in De Bow's 1858",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-082",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "h-w-kinsman"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 362,
   "printed": 358,
   "firm": "Caldwell & Brother",
   "trade": "Upholsterers and Paper Hangers; cornices, shade blinds, fire screens",
   "address": "No. 220 King-street, opposite Browning & Lemans",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-083",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "caldwell-brother"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 363,
   "printed": 359,
   "firm": "Glen's First Premium Daguerrean Gallery",
   "trade": "Daguerreotypes; 'sick and deceased persons taken at the shortest notice'",
   "address": "No. 221 King Street, in the Bend",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "Glen at 221 King is in the 1852 directory too",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-084",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "glen-s-first-premium-daguerrean-gallery"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 363,
   "printed": 359,
   "firm": "G. S. Cook",
   "trade": "Daguerreotypes and Photographs 'rivaling the richest mezzotint engraving'; instructions and stock for sale",
   "address": "238 King Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "the page prints 'G. S. OOK', the C dropped by the scanner; George S. Cook is the daguerreotypist at 235 King in the 1852 directory",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "G. S. OOK",
   "id": "att-1854-085",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "g-s-cook"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 364,
   "printed": 360,
   "firm": "Cohen's Daguerrean Rooms",
   "trade": "Daguerreotypes — 'a perfect picture for one dollar'",
   "address": "Corner of King and Liberty Streets",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-086",
   "streets": [
    "liberty",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "cohen-s-daguerrean-rooms"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 364,
   "printed": 360,
   "firm": "Dr. John Anderson",
   "trade": "Surgeon Dentist; artificial teeth with continuous gum, patent right for Charleston",
   "address": "Dental Rooms, 235 King Street, opposite Hasel",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-087",
   "streets": [
    "hasel",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "dr-john-anderson"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 364,
   "printed": 360,
   "firm": "C. C. Pritchard, M. D.",
   "trade": "Physician",
   "address": "150 East Bay",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-088",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "c-c-pritchard-m-d"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 365,
   "printed": 361,
   "firm": "T. R. Aldrich, M. D.",
   "trade": "Physician",
   "address": "office Meeting St., next the corner of Ann; residence Chapell Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-089",
   "streets": [
    "meeting",
    "ann"
   ],
   "business": "t-r-aldrich-m-d"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 365,
   "printed": 361,
   "firm": "Robert Lebby, M. D.",
   "trade": "Physician",
   "address": "25 Cumberland St.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-090",
   "streets": [
    "cumberland"
   ],
   "business": "robert-lebby-m-d"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 365,
   "printed": 361,
   "firm": "St. Mark's Hair Cutting and Bathing Saloon",
   "trade": "Hair cutting, shaving, warm, cold and shower baths — 'Emporium of Fashion'",
   "address": "Charleston Hotel",
   "principals": [
    "St. Mark, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "twenty years' experience",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-091",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "st-mark-s-hair-cutting-and-bathing-saloon"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "A. P. Smith & Co.",
   "trade": "Premium Mineral & Soda Waters, Philadelphia porter, ale, cider — bottling establishment",
   "address": "No. 97 Meeting St.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-092",
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "a-p-smith-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "J. W. Hendrick & Co.",
   "trade": "Soda Water Bottling Establishment",
   "address": "No. 37 Market Street",
   "principals": [
    "J. W. Hendrick",
    "J. Cosgrove",
    "P. Kiernan"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-093",
   "streets": [
    "market"
   ],
   "business": "j-w-hendrick-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "Charles Clarke's Soda Water Bottling Establishment",
   "trade": "Soda water, packed for the country",
   "address": "Market, opposite Anson St.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-094",
   "streets": [
    "market",
    "anson"
   ],
   "business": "charles-clarke-s-soda-water-bottling-establishment"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "People's Bank of S. C.",
   "trade": "Bank — capital $1,000,000",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "D. L. McKay, President",
    "Henry G. Loper, Cashier"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-095",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "people-s-bank-of-s-c"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "Farmers' and Exchange Bank of Charleston",
   "trade": "Bank — capital $1,000,000",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "W. M. Martin, President",
    "Wm. C. Breese, Cashier"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-096",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "farmers-and-exchange-bank-of-charleston"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "State Bank",
   "trade": "Bank — capital $1,000,000",
   "address": "Corner of East Bay and Broad Streets",
   "principals": [
    "Edward Sebring, President",
    "Henry Trescott, Cashier",
    "B. M. Lee, Assistant Cashier"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-097",
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "state-bank"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "W. C. Oakley",
   "trade": "Banker",
   "address": "26 Broad St.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-098",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "w-c-oakley"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "Fireman's Insurance Company",
   "trade": "Insurance — capital $2,000,000",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "Samuel Y. Tupper, President",
    "C. D. Barbot, Sec'y & Treas'r",
    "directors Wm. Kirkwood, Geo. M. Coffin, James W. Brown, R. W. Bacot, E. W. Edgerton, John Gibbon"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-099",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "fireman-s-insurance-company"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "S. Western R. R. Bank",
   "trade": "Bank — capital $872,475",
   "address": "Broad St.",
   "principals": [
    "James Rose, President",
    "John C. Cochran, Cashier"
   ],
   "notes": "as set; the South Western Railroad Bank — its Tallahassee agency is on p.135, spelt out there",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-100",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "s-western-r-r-bank"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "Charleston Insurance and Trust Company",
   "trade": "Insurance — capital $500,000",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "John H. Honour, President",
    "S. H. Mortimer, Secretary"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-101",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "charleston-insurance-and-trust-company"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "Planters' and Mechanics' Bank of S. Carolina",
   "trade": "Bank",
   "address": "East Bay Street, near the Post Office",
   "principals": [
    "Daniel Ravenel, President",
    "Clement H. Stevens, Cash'r"
   ],
   "notes": "the card is broken across lines as 'THE PLANTERS ' AND ME.' / 'CHANICS' BANK OF S.' / 'CAROLINA', with the other column's text interleaved",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "PLANTERS AND ME CHANICS BANK OF S CAROLINA",
   "id": "att-1854-102",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "planters-and-mechanics-bank-of-s-carolina"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 366,
   "printed": 362,
   "firm": "Commercial Insurance Company",
   "trade": "Insurance — capital $3,000,000",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "Wm. B. Heriot, President",
    "A. M. Lee, Secretary"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-103",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "commercial-insurance-company"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "W. M. & J. C. Martin",
   "trade": "Exchange, Banking and Collection House; uncurrent funds and specie bought and sold",
   "address": "No. 9 Broad St.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-104",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "w-m-j-c-martin"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "John Harvey",
   "trade": "Exchange Broker",
   "address": "No. 33 Broad Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-105",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "john-harvey"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "W. P. Shingler & Bro.",
   "trade": "Exchange and Stock Brokers; sell real estate, bonds on commission",
   "address": "No. 7 Broad Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-106",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "w-p-shingler-bro"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "Heriot & Petit",
   "trade": "Notaries and Insurance Brokers",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "second card; forwarding agents at 36 East Bay on p.336",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-107",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "heriot-petit"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "E. De Treville",
   "trade": "Attorney at Law",
   "address": "Law Range, No. 20 Broad Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-108",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "e-de-treville"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "Whaley & Rutledge",
   "trade": "Attorneys & Solicitors",
   "address": "No. 20 Broad Street",
   "principals": [
    "William Whaley",
    "B. H. Rutledge"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-109",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "whaley-rutledge"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "William Rhett",
   "trade": "Attorney at Law",
   "address": "Broad Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-110",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "william-rhett"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "William Bradford",
   "trade": "Ship Carpenter and Blacksmith",
   "address": "ship yard foot of Laurens Street; smithy East Bay Street, back of the Post Office",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-111",
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "laurens"
   ],
   "business": "william-bradford"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "Andrew Lee",
   "trade": "Blacksmith",
   "address": "East Bay Street, back of the Post Office",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-112",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "andrew-lee"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "Hamilton Slawson, Jr.",
   "trade": "Accountant",
   "address": "8 Archdale Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-113",
   "streets": [
    "archdale"
   ],
   "business": "hamilton-slawson-jr"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "J. V. Powell",
   "trade": "Carpenter and Builder",
   "address": "11 Franklin Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-114",
   "streets": [
    "franklin"
   ],
   "business": "j-v-powell"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "G. Stroub",
   "trade": "House Carpenter and Builder",
   "address": "No. 14 Burn's Lane",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-115",
   "streets": [
    "burns"
   ],
   "business": "g-stroub"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "John Horlbeck",
   "trade": "Brick Manufacturer — 6,000,000 brick made annually, five to ten dollars per thousand",
   "address": "Office east end of Calhoun St.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-116",
   "streets": [
    "calhoun"
   ],
   "business": "john-horlbeck"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 367,
   "printed": 363,
   "firm": "John Grey & Sons",
   "trade": "Slaters and Bricklayers",
   "address": "No. 356 King Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-117",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "john-grey-sons"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "Zadock Miller & Son",
   "trade": "Sail Makers",
   "address": "Third floor, corner of East Bay and Fraser's Wharf",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-118",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "zadock-miller-son"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "Edward Jordan",
   "trade": "Sail Maker",
   "address": "Accommodation Wharf; residence Stoll's Alley, No. 3",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-119",
   "streets": [
    "accommodation"
   ],
   "business": "edward-jordan"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "E. M. Whiting",
   "trade": "Turner",
   "address": "Calhoun Street, opposite East Bay",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-120",
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "calhoun"
   ],
   "business": "e-m-whiting"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "Henry Shokes",
   "trade": "Pump and Block Maker; wood pumps",
   "address": "East end of Hasel Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-121",
   "streets": [
    "hasel"
   ],
   "business": "henry-shokes"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "W. S. Henery & Co.",
   "trade": "Iron and Brass Founders and Machinists; steam engines and boilers; house fronts and columns",
   "address": "East side of Meeting Street, one door below Line",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-122",
   "streets": [
    "meeting",
    "line"
   ],
   "business": "w-s-henery-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "J. M. Eason & Bro.",
   "trade": "Manufacturers of Steam Engines and Machinery",
   "address": "Columbus and Nassau Streets",
   "principals": [
    "J. M. Eason",
    "T. Dotterer Eason"
   ],
   "notes": "same firm and corner in De Bow's 1858",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-123",
   "streets": [
    "columbus",
    "nassau"
   ],
   "business": "j-m-eason-bro"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "Lockwood & Johnston",
   "trade": "Iron Founders, Builders of Steam Engines, Millwork, Boilers",
   "address": "Concord Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-124",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "lockwood-johnston"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "H. A. Due",
   "trade": "Copper, Tin, Sheet Iron and Stove Manufactory",
   "address": "Northwest corner of King and Spring Streets, Upper Wards",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-125",
   "streets": [
    "spring",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "h-a-due"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "J. U. Boesch",
   "trade": "Coppersmith, in all the various branches",
   "address": "N. W. cor. Market and Anson Sts.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-126",
   "streets": [
    "market",
    "anson"
   ],
   "business": "j-u-boesch"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "W. S. Adams",
   "trade": "Berlin grates, cooking, hall & office stoves, Barrow's cooking ranges, marbleized iron chimney pieces",
   "address": "No. 18 Broad Street, near State",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-127",
   "streets": [
    "broad",
    "state"
   ],
   "business": "w-s-adams"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 368,
   "printed": 364,
   "firm": "Leonard Chapin",
   "trade": "Carriage Manufacturer, &c.",
   "address": "124 Meeting and 33 Wentworth Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-128",
   "streets": [
    "wentworth",
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "leonard-chapin"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 369,
   "printed": 365,
   "firm": "John Artman",
   "trade": "Manufacturer of Carriages, Buggies, Sulkeys, Wagons, Carts",
   "address": "No. 5 Archdale Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-129",
   "streets": [
    "archdale"
   ],
   "business": "john-artman"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 369,
   "printed": 365,
   "firm": "T. M. Bristoll",
   "trade": "Fashionable Boot, Shoe and Trunk Store, Sign of the Mammoth Boot",
   "address": "232 King Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "weekly supplies by steamer from New York and Philadelphia; same address in De Bow's 1858",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-130",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "t-m-bristoll"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 369,
   "printed": 365,
   "firm": "Robert Minniss",
   "trade": "Plumber & Pewterer",
   "address": "97 Meeting Street, opposite Circular Church",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "references William Gregg, George Robertson, Geo. N. Reynolds, Dr. B. A. Rodriguez, James K. Robinson, Thomas Bennett",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-131",
   "streets": [
    "meeting",
    "church"
   ],
   "business": "robert-minniss"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 369,
   "printed": 365,
   "firm": "Adolph J. Rutjes",
   "trade": "Manufacturer of Confectionery; wholesale and retail French confectionery, syrups, cordials, toys",
   "address": "Nos. 170, 172 and 174 King St.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-132",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "adolph-j-rutjes"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 369,
   "printed": 365,
   "firm": "William Brookbanks",
   "trade": "Gas Fitter; plain and ornamental gas fixtures for dwellings, stores and churches",
   "address": "No. 152 King Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-133",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "william-brookbanks"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 369,
   "printed": 365,
   "firm": "A. Moroso",
   "trade": "West India and domestic fruits, Havana segars, sweetmeats, preserves and nuts — Sign of the Golden Pine Apple",
   "address": "No. 291 King Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-134",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "a-moroso"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 369,
   "printed": 365,
   "firm": "E. B. Stoddard & Co.",
   "trade": "Wholesale Dealers in Boots, Shoes and Trunks at manufacturer's prices",
   "address": "165 Meeting Street, nearly opposite the Charleston Hotel",
   "principals": [
    "Ezekiel B. Stoddard",
    "Caleb Froneberger"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-135",
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "e-b-stoddard-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 369,
   "printed": 365,
   "firm": "John Marion",
   "trade": "Confectioner and Importer of French Confectionery, Toys, &c.",
   "address": "No. 254 King Street, east side, three doors above Hasel Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-136",
   "streets": [
    "hasel",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "john-marion"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "J. A. Barbosa",
   "trade": "Importer and Dealer in Fine Havana Segars and Tobacco",
   "address": "87 Church Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-137",
   "streets": [
    "church"
   ],
   "business": "j-a-barbosa"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "Francis C. Black",
   "trade": "Importer of Choice Havana Segars",
   "address": "11 Exchange St.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-138",
   "streets": [
    "exchange"
   ],
   "business": "francis-c-black"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "W. Ingliss & Co.",
   "trade": "Fashionable Hair Dressers",
   "address": "at the Mills House",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-139",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "w-ingliss-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "Follin & Fourgeaud",
   "trade": "Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Groceries, Wines, Liquors, Teas, Segars and Tobacco",
   "address": "S. W. corner Meeting and Market-streets",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-140",
   "streets": [
    "meeting",
    "market"
   ],
   "business": "follin-fourgeaud"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "Klinck & Wickenberg",
   "trade": "Wholesale and Retail Grocers",
   "address": "N. E. corner of Broad and Church-streets",
   "principals": [
    "John Klinck",
    "F. R. Wickenberg"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-141",
   "streets": [
    "church",
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "klinck-wickenberg"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "Witte & Goodwin",
   "trade": "Importers and Wholesale Dealers in Foreign and Domestic Wines, Liquors, Segars",
   "address": "92 East Bay",
   "principals": [
    "Chas. O. Witte",
    "Geo. M. Goodwin"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-142",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "witte-goodwin"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "J. W. Sprague",
   "trade": "Wholesale Dealer in Country Produce, Grain, Hay, &c.",
   "address": "Hayne-st.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-143",
   "streets": [
    "hayne"
   ],
   "business": "j-w-sprague"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "N. M. Porter",
   "trade": "Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Teas, Groceries, Fruits, Segars",
   "address": "No. 222 King-street, third door above Market-st.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "formerly W. L. Porter & Sons",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-144",
   "streets": [
    "market",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "n-m-porter"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "M. D. Hyams & Sons",
   "trade": "Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Cotton, Rice and Produce",
   "address": "No. 79 East Bay",
   "principals": [
    "M. D. Hyams",
    "Pinckney A. Hyams",
    "Hamilton Hyams"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-145",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "m-d-hyams-sons"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "Millar's Biscuit Bakery",
   "trade": "Pilot and navy bread; wine, soda, butter, lemon, water, sugar, seed and dyspeptic crackers",
   "address": "58 Market, between Meeting and King",
   "principals": [
    "R. S. Millar"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-146",
   "streets": [
    "meeting",
    "market",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "millar-s-biscuit-bakery"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "William Barragan",
   "trade": "Dealer in Groceries, Cegars, Tobacco",
   "address": "97 Church-st.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-147",
   "streets": [
    "church"
   ],
   "business": "william-barragan"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 370,
   "printed": 366,
   "firm": "Thos. H. Dewees",
   "trade": "Dealer in Rice",
   "address": "No. 72 East Bay",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-148",
   "streets": [
    "east bay"
   ],
   "business": "thos-h-dewees"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 371,
   "printed": 367,
   "firm": "Mrs. A. King (Agent)",
   "trade": "Fancy perfumery, toilet articles, wigs, hair plaiting, hair jewelry",
   "address": "King-street, between Wentworth and Society-streets",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-149",
   "streets": [
    "wentworth",
    "society",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "mrs-a-king-agent"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 371,
   "printed": 367,
   "firm": "G. W. Flach",
   "trade": "Manufacturing Jeweller & Watchmaker; clocks, watches, jewelry, fancy goods",
   "address": "191 King-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-150",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "g-w-flach"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 371,
   "printed": 367,
   "firm": "G. W. Jatho",
   "trade": "Watchmaker and Jeweller",
   "address": "221 Meeting-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-151",
   "streets": [
    "meeting"
   ],
   "business": "g-w-jatho"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 371,
   "printed": 367,
   "firm": "W. Masterman",
   "trade": "Watchmaker, Jeweller — 'watches at New-York prices'",
   "address": "249 King-st., at Ashton's old stand",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-152",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "w-masterman"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 371,
   "printed": 367,
   "firm": "Thos. C. Oxlade",
   "trade": "Chronometer, Watch & Clock Maker",
   "address": "61 Broad-st., next door east of Mansion House",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-153",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "thos-c-oxlade"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 372,
   "printed": 368,
   "firm": "Jas. E. Spear",
   "trade": "Importer and Dealer in Fine Watches, Jewelry, Sterling Silverware, Table Cutlery, Fancy Goods; Masonic, Odd-Fellows and Sons of Temperance jewels and regalia",
   "address": "No. 235 King-street, opposite Hasel",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "editorial endorsement; same address in De Bow's 1858",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-154",
   "streets": [
    "hasel",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "jas-e-spear"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 373,
   "printed": 369,
   "firm": "Jno. S. Bird & Co.",
   "trade": "Military goods, spectacles, looking glasses, picture frames, surveyors' instruments — Sign of the Gold Spectacles",
   "address": "No. 225, in the Bend of King-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag; same card in De Bow's 1858",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-155",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "jno-s-bird-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 373,
   "printed": 369,
   "firm": "Daniel H. Silcox",
   "trade": "Furniture Warehouse",
   "address": "224 King Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-156",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "daniel-h-silcox"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 373,
   "printed": 369,
   "firm": "J. E. Suares",
   "trade": "Furniture Warerooms; furniture made and repaired",
   "address": "No. 284 King-st., three doors below the Merchants' Hotel",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "282 & 284 King in De Bow's 1858",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-157",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "j-e-suares"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 375,
   "printed": 371,
   "firm": "Charleston Steam Sawmill",
   "trade": "Steam sawmill; hewn timber for shipping",
   "address": "Gadsden-street, west end of Beaufain and Wentworth Streets",
   "principals": [
    "John H. Steinmeyer, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-158",
   "streets": [
    "wentworth",
    "beaufain",
    "gadsden"
   ],
   "business": "charleston-steam-sawmill"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 375,
   "printed": 371,
   "firm": "F. C. Blum",
   "trade": "Lumber and Timber Factor",
   "address": "West end Beaufain Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-159",
   "streets": [
    "beaufain"
   ],
   "business": "f-c-blum"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 375,
   "printed": 371,
   "firm": "N. B. Prothro & Co.",
   "trade": "Lumber Yard and Planing Mill",
   "address": "East end Calhoun Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-160",
   "streets": [
    "calhoun"
   ],
   "business": "n-b-prothro-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 376,
   "printed": 372,
   "firm": "Henry Clark",
   "trade": "Steam Planing Machine; yellow pine flooring, ceiling, shelving, weather boarding, laths",
   "address": "West end of Beaufain-st.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-161",
   "streets": [
    "beaufain"
   ],
   "business": "henry-clark"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 376,
   "printed": 372,
   "firm": "C. Whittemore",
   "trade": "Soap and Candle Manufactory",
   "address": "Radcliffe, between St. Philip and Coming-streets",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-162",
   "streets": [
    "radcliffe",
    "st philip",
    "coming"
   ],
   "business": "c-whittemore"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 376,
   "printed": 372,
   "firm": "Wm. N. and J. A. Pelot's Commercial School",
   "trade": "Book-keeping and penmanship; merchants' books opened and balanced",
   "address": "No. 273 King-street, opposite Society",
   "principals": [
    "Wm. N. Pelot",
    "J. A. Pelot"
   ],
   "notes": "no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-163",
   "streets": [
    "society",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "wm-n-and-j-a-pelot-s-commercial-school"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 376,
   "printed": 372,
   "firm": "Calhoun Cotton Press",
   "trade": "Cotton press",
   "address": "Church-street",
   "principals": [
    "James Copes, Proprietor"
   ],
   "notes": "the page prints 'GALHOUN', G for C; no city tag",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "GALHOUN COTTON PRESS",
   "id": "att-1854-164",
   "streets": [
    "church"
   ],
   "business": "calhoun-cotton-press"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 378,
   "printed": 374,
   "firm": "Gindrat & Duncan",
   "trade": "Drugs, chemicals and fancy goods; physicians' and planters' orders",
   "address": "215 King-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "successors to Cleveland",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-165",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "gindrat-duncan"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 378,
   "printed": 374,
   "firm": "The Southern Baptist",
   "trade": "Weekly religious newspaper, Baptist denomination; $2 a year",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "Rev. J. P. Tustin, Editor"
   ],
   "notes": "business to Geo. Parks & Co.",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-166",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "the-southern-baptist"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 378,
   "printed": 374,
   "firm": "Southern Christian Advocate",
   "trade": "Weekly newspaper, Methodist Episcopal Church, South",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "E. H. Myers, Editor"
   ],
   "notes": "card does not name the city; on the Charleston newspapers page",
   "kind": "section",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-167",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "southern-christian-advocate"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 378,
   "printed": 374,
   "firm": "Southern Presbyterian",
   "trade": "Religious family journal, published every Saturday in Charleston",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "J. S. Chambers, W. Harral, J. M. Frazer and others, Proprietors",
    "W. Y. Paxton & Co., Publishers",
    "Rev. J. L. Kirkpatrick, D.D., Editor"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-168",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "southern-presbyterian"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 2,
   "printed": -2,
   "firm": "James, Williams & Gitsinger",
   "trade": "Book and Job Printers; book and job power-presses",
   "address": "No. 3 Broad-street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "the directory's own printer, front matter",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-169",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "james-williams-gitsinger"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 139,
   "printed": 135,
   "firm": "South Western Railroad Bank of Charleston",
   "trade": "Bank — agency at Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "H. L. Rutges, Agent (Tallahassee)"
   ],
   "notes": "Leon County chapter",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-170",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "south-western-railroad-bank-of-charleston"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 272,
   "printed": 268,
   "firm": "Bank of Charleston, S. C.",
   "trade": "Bank — agency at Columbus, Georgia",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "R. B. Murdock, Agent (Columbus)"
   ],
   "notes": "Columbus chapter",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-171",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "bank-of-charleston-s-c"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 276,
   "printed": 272,
   "firm": "Dawson & Blackman",
   "trade": "Druggists / agents — sell Grimes's medicine",
   "address": "17 Broad street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "Columbus chapter, patent-medicine card",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-172",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "dawson-blackman"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 288,
   "printed": 284,
   "firm": "Geo. A. Oates & Bro.",
   "trade": "Music and Book Establishment — 'a large store in Charleston, S. C.'",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "Augusta house with a Charleston branch",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-173",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "geo-a-oates-bro"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 294,
   "printed": 290,
   "firm": "M. P. Starr",
   "trade": "Late proprietor of the Victoria Hotel, Charleston; now Augusta Hotel",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "attests Starr held the Victoria before B. Roddin (p.348)",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-174",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "m-p-starr"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 296,
   "printed": 292,
   "firm": "Combs & Co. — F. T. Pentecost, resident partner",
   "trade": "Forwarding business; goods marked 'care of F. T. Pentecost, Charleston, S. C.'",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [
    "F. T. Pentecost"
   ],
   "notes": "dated 'Charleston, August, 1854'",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-175",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "combs-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 328,
   "printed": 324,
   "firm": "B. E. Pearson",
   "trade": "Patent medicine — Pearson's Rheumatic Relief and Fire Extractor, patented 1854",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "city description p.324; testimonial from E. A. Gitsinger, Charleston, 20 Dec 1854, p.583",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-176",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "b-e-pearson"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 497,
   "printed": 493,
   "firm": "Henry H. Williams",
   "trade": "Agent (product not shown in the excerpt — a national agents' list)",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "agents' list; principal unread",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-177",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "henry-h-williams"
  },
  {
   "source": "Southern Business Directory and General Commercial Advertiser",
   "year": 1854,
   "page": 585,
   "printed": 581,
   "firm": "P. M. Cohen & Co.",
   "trade": "Wholesale Druggists — sell Dr. C. Williams' Compound Pulmonic Balsam",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "patent-medicine page",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "printed_as": "",
   "id": "att-1854-178",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "p-m-cohen-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 17,
   "pages": [
    17,
    27,
    41,
    53,
    71,
    105
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "J. M. Eason & Brother",
   "trade": "Manufacturers of Steam Engines and Boilers; machinery for rice, saw, sugar and grist mills; castings in iron and brass; patent machine for flowing and draining rice and sugar lands",
   "address": "Cor. Columbus and Nassau Sts.",
   "principals": [
    "J. M. Eason",
    "T. D. Eason"
   ],
   "notes": "J. M. Eason & Bro. at the same corner in 1854",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-179",
   "streets": [
    "columbus",
    "nassau"
   ],
   "business": "j-m-eason-bro"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 17,
   "pages": [
    17
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "Hickey & Thompson",
   "trade": "Manufacturers of Looking-Glass, Portrait & Picture Frames; dealers in looking-glass plates, brackets, window cornices, room mouldings; old frames regilt",
   "address": "154 King Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "successors to Emanuel Currant; 154 King was Orcutt & Hickey in 1854",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-180",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "hickey-thompson"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 17,
   "pages": [
    17
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "Hayden & Whilden",
   "trade": "Importers & Dealers in Watches, Jewelry, Military Goods, House Furnishing and Fancy Articles",
   "address": "250 King Street, corner of Hasel st.",
   "principals": [
    "Augustus H. Hayden",
    "William G. Whilden"
   ],
   "notes": "",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-181",
   "streets": [
    "hasel",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "hayden-whilden"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 17,
   "pages": [
    17,
    53,
    71
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "J. E. Suares",
   "trade": "Furniture Warerooms; furniture made and repaired",
   "address": "282 & 284 King st., 3 doors below Merchants' Hotel",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "No. 284 King in 1854",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-182",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "j-e-suares"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 41,
   "pages": [
    41,
    53,
    71,
    105
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "Orcutt",
   "trade": "Manufacturer of Looking-Glass, Portrait, and Picture Frames; dealer in looking-glass plates, brackets, window cornices, room mouldings; old frames regilt",
   "address": "186 King street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "'mar-ly'; was Orcutt & Hickey at 154 King in 1854",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-183",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "orcutt"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 41,
   "pages": [
    41,
    53,
    71,
    105
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "John S. Bird & Co.",
   "trade": "Sign of the Gold Spectacles — spectacles, looking-glasses, picture frames, gilding, surveyors' instruments, thermometers, barometers, telescopes, microscopes, engravings",
   "address": "No. 225, in the Bend of King Street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "'mar-ly'; same card in 1854",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-184",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "jno-s-bird-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 41,
   "pages": [
    41,
    53,
    71,
    105
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "H. W. Kinsman",
   "trade": "Dealer in curtain goods, window shades, paper hangings; agent for Grover & Baker's Sewing Machine",
   "address": "223 King st.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "'mar-ly'; at 179 King in 1854",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-185",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "h-w-kinsman"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 41,
   "pages": [
    41,
    53,
    71,
    105
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "Welch & Harris",
   "trade": "Blank Book Manufacturer and Book Binders; books bound plain to richly gilt",
   "address": "No. 59 Broad street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "'mar-ly'",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-186",
   "streets": [
    "broad"
   ],
   "business": "welch-harris"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 16,
   "pages": [
    16,
    41,
    53,
    71,
    105
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "T. M. Bristoll",
   "trade": "Fashionable Boot and Shoe store, the Mammoth Boot; Philadelphia boots and shoes",
   "address": "No. 232 King street",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "same address in 1854",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-187",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "t-m-bristoll"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 41,
   "pages": [
    41,
    53,
    71,
    105
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "James E. Spear",
   "trade": "Importer and Dealer in Fine Watches, Jewelry and Silver-Ware; diamonds reset; gold and silver medals made to order",
   "address": "No. 235 King street, opposite Hasel",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "'mar-ly'; same address in 1854",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-188",
   "streets": [
    "hasel",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "jas-e-spear"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 41,
   "pages": [
    41
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "A. Tannlunson [as printed]",
   "trade": "Importer and manufacturer of Window Shades, Paper Hangings, and Upholstery",
   "address": "170 King street, between Halback's alley and Queen st.",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "surname very probably OCR-damaged; the card is repeated garbled on p.16",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-189",
   "streets": [
    "queen",
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "a-tannlunson"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 53,
   "pages": [
    53,
    71,
    105
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "R. A. Pringle",
   "trade": "Boot and Shoe Dealer; boots and shoes at the lowest manufacturer's price",
   "address": "No. 177 East Bay, opposite the Building of the New Custom House, one door from S. S. Farrar & Bro's",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "'apr-ly'; also attests S. S. Farrar & Bro. as a neighbour on East Bay",
   "kind": "card",
   "id": "att-1858-190",
   "streets": [
    "east bay",
    "new"
   ],
   "business": "r-a-pringle"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 11,
   "pages": [
    11,
    107
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "H. F. Baker & Co.",
   "trade": "Agents (for a Northern maker of wheels, wheel barrows and trucks)",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "named in an agents' list; shipping and commission merchants, Central Wharf, in 1854",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "id": "att-1858-191",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "h-f-baker-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 83,
   "pages": [
    83,
    84,
    124
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "Jas. Gadsden & Co.",
   "trade": "Authorized agents for John S. Reese & Co.'s guano",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "named in an agents' list; cotton factors, 62 East Bay, in 1854",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "id": "att-1858-192",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "james-gadsden-co"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 84,
   "pages": [
    84,
    124
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "Lambert — 219 King Street",
   "trade": "Trade not legible: the card names three principals and an address, and the adjacent column (phrenology books) has run into it",
   "address": "219 King Street",
   "principals": [
    "Charles Lambert",
    "Walter Lambert",
    "S. S. Howell"
   ],
   "notes": "OCR 'CHARLER LAMBERT', 'SAMER/BAMER S. HOWELL'; Bailie & Lambert were at 219 King in 1854 — very likely the same house",
   "kind": "uncertain",
   "id": "att-1858-193",
   "streets": [
    "king"
   ],
   "business": "lambert"
  },
  {
   "source": "De Bow's Review",
   "year": 1858,
   "page": 62,
   "pages": [
    62,
    80,
    120
   ],
   "printed": null,
   "firm": "S. C. R. R. Co.",
   "trade": "Railroad — named as a reference by a Philadelphia locomotive builder",
   "address": "",
   "principals": [],
   "notes": "as set; the South Carolina Railroad Company — the railroad, not a trade",
   "kind": "elsewhere",
   "id": "att-1858-194",
   "streets": [],
   "business": "s-c-r-r-co"
  }
 ]
}